The Government Of India ( Goi ) Proposed Ban On Tobacco...

The Government of India (GOI) proposed ban on tobacco advertising was not unusual keeping in view the international precedents. Countries like France, Finland, and Norway had already imposed similar bans. An example is Belgium whose Supreme Court (of Appeal in 1981, gave its ruling that a ban on tobacco advertising was not unconstitutional. In a case which started in 1991 and ended in 1997, RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, marketer of Camel cigarettes, was forced to withdraw its mascot, Joe Carmel, an animated camel, from all its advertisements, after the California Supreme Court (USA) ruled that the company could be prosecuted for exploiting minors. The accusation was that the slick, colourful advertisements (using an animated camel) appealed to the children and encouraged them to smoke. The impact of cigarette advertising on consumers was another contentious issue. A World Bank report published the details of a comprehensive study of over 100 countries, comparing the consumption trends over time in those countries where relatively complete bans on advertising and promotion were and where were no such bans. In the countries with nearly complete bans, the downward trend in consumption was much steeper. In 1992, the Department of Health (DOH), UK reviewed various forms of evidence to assess whether tobacco advertising affected the aggregate demand for tobacco products. Four countries (Norway, Finland, Canada and New Zealand) were chosen, as these countries had already imposed anShow MoreRelatedThe Government Of India ( Goi ) Proposed Ban On Tobacco Advertising947 Words   |  4 Pages1. The Government of India (GOI) proposed ban on tobacco advertising was not unusual keeping in view the international precedents. Countries like France, Finland, and Norway had already i mposed similar bans. An example is Belgium whose Supreme Court (of Appeal in 1981, gave its ruling that a ban on tobacco advertising was not unconstitutional. In a case which started in 1991 and ended in 1997, RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, marketer of Camel cigarettes, was forced to withdraw its mascot, Joe CarmelRead MoreBan Banning Tobacco Companies From Advertising Their Products And Sponsoring Sports And Cultural Events867 Words   |  4 Pageswith the ban on tobacco, but this apparently didn’t work out, so , now they are trying to make face to this problem by increasing taxes. On Feb 6, 2001 Government of India (GOI) dropped a bombshell on the tobacco Industry when it announced that it would shortly table a bill banning Tobacco Companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The objective of such a ban was to discourage adolescents from consuming tobacco products and also arm the Government with powers

Market Revolution Free Essays

The worldwide presence of the United States of America in terms of a gigantic political and economic power, as we see it today, is a result of the creative and relentless efforts of many political geniuses. After the War of Independence, the country was thrown in a state of depression and the late 17th century era marked a period of instability. The country had war debt of millions of dollars, negative speculation for foreign investment was inevitable, the army was negligible, the navy fleet was almost non-existent, relationship with England had severed and the Congress was unable to impose taxes until a proper law and order system was in place. We will write a custom essay sample on Market Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Heavy adjustments to the political and economic regulations were required to drive the country out of the financial crisis. It were only through the relentless vision and efforts of Alexander Hamilton, the First Secretary of Treasury and Thomas Jefferson, the First Secretary of State, that a new political and economic ideal for the country was created and later, a stage was set for   full scale development of the American society and economic growth to all parts of the world. Similar article: Rise of Political Parties in the 1790s In a revolutionary era marked by political battles and public discord, these symbolic figures provided different, yet talismanic views of the power of government and enterprise in shaping the political and economic orders of the country that has enabled the rulers of the future to legitimatize their decisions for sustainable development. 2. THE FEDERALIST APPROACH: ALEXANDER HAMILTON Hamilton believed that the revival of the economy and subsequent growth depended on the creation of a strong central government that was increasingly proactive in the affairs of the country. He believed that a central, energetic government will not only be able to supersede the powers of the individual states in order to provide national stability but also provide a common framework for effective development and unionization of the big country. He denied the notion of self-interest, which he believed was prevalent in the political structure and destructive for the nation. His philosophy of centralizing the national economy was a product of his political stance. Hamilton believed that a structure of public credit facilities, immediate repayment of foreign debts and responsibility of states war debts, establishment of a new bank and protection of young industries were essential to promote business and develop competitive industries. Public credit facilities were to be financed through issuing government securities like bonds which can be used to settle the domestic debt and extended towards the industrial and manufacturing sector. The government should take over the responsibility of the debt incurred by the individual states during the war since the war was fought for the independence of the entire nation and â€Å"A national debt attaches many citizens to the government who, by their numbers, wealth, and influence, contribute more perhaps to its preservation than a body of soldiers† (Finseth). A banking structure with diversified branches will help the national government to carry out its basic functions like collecting taxes, financing debt and issue payments, issuing currency and generating income through interest on loans. A structure of no-tax for interstate commerce and protective tariff on imports will protect and promote national competition and young firms. Through his notion of a strong economic plan for a mechanized society, Thomas Hamilton gained support of a number of Congressmen and formed a Federalist Party in 1792. 3. THE REPUBLICAN APPROACH: THOMAS JEFFERSON In contrast to Hamilton’s view of an orderly mercantile economy, Thomas Jefferson advocated an agrarian economy, based on individual rights and a limited, decentralized government. He feared that the system proposed by his counterpart threatened the majority of the population who were agrarian laborers and resembled the British economic system. This would result in an emergence of tyranny against such a centralized rule. Jefferson compounded on a weak government structure because he believed that a proper government will not only restrict the liberty of individuals but also limit itself from creating individualism. He emphasized this concept in one of his political writings: â€Å"rightful liberty is unobstructed action according to our will within limits drawn around us by the equal rights of others. I do not add ‘within the limits of the law’, because law is often but the tyrant’s will, and always so when it violates the rights of the individual† (Appleby). Thomas Jefferson reject Hamilton’s proposal of setting up a national bank, fearing that such a bank would serve the rich at the expense of the poor people and emphasize federal powers over state powers. In response to the Federalist movement, Jefferson formed the Republican Party in 1792 along with James Madison to oppose the policies of the Federalists. 4.THE MARKET AND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION The influences set forth by the two politicians shaped the constitution of the country and paved way for a rapid development of the economy from 1815 to 1860. In 1792, the king of France was overthrown and a republic was established. France attempted to extend its powers throughout Europe and Britain was trying to curtail it. This resulted in Napoleonic Wars, of which the United States was a major victim in terms of foreign relations. The victory of the Republican Party in 1800 resulted in the nomination of Thomas Jefferson as the third President of the United States. This event marked the first significant change in American politics. After the War of 1812, Jefferson realized that his vision of an agricultural market economy was incompetent with the competition in global markets. This led to the adoption of a policy of expansion and competition for power in the global economy. The Industrial revolution had begun in the 1700s in Europe and was marked by new inventions and efficient methods of production. This revolution spread to the United States and local inventors came up with unique ideas to mechanize the agriculture sector and spur new industries. Cotton gin was a notable invention which revolutionized the cotton industry by creating new industries, promoting inter-commerce relations between the West and the East and exports. Manufacturing of shoes, woolen clothing and machinery were also expanding. By 1860, almost a third of the country’s income came from the manufacturing sector. The concept of agrarian labor was transformed to that of a wage worker who was paid to run the automated machines in the factories. Most of the urbanized industries were located in the South, whereas the agricultural sector was primarily located in the South. Government provided social capital in the form of national roads, waterways and railroads. These initiatives enabled the nation to establish a firm base for rapid industrialization that followed. Financial industry diffused with new scheme through which some investors made wealth and others lost their savings. Protective tariffs were imposed to sustain the growing industries and bank branches were set up in every city. Rapid development also attracted a great deal of domestic and foreign investment. 5. CONSEQUENCES OF THE TRANSFORMATION The market and Industrial revolution had several consequences, including religion and reform, for the American Society in the eighteenth century. In the north, Evangelicalism or individual holiness, emerged in the new republic and was the â€Å"grand absorbing theme of American religious life† (Religion and the American Republic 7). Progressive and conservative religious forces often differed in terms of religious opinions with the former advocating a mass dedication to the materialism of the market society. Reformism, as a result was an opposing view to that of the individual revivals. Nevertheless, the underlying belief was that â€Å"religion was a necessary spring† for the government to operate efficiently and people believed in â€Å"a close association between Religion and Patriotism† (Religion and the American Republic 7). Societies and communities sprang up with a clear objective of devotion towards the removal of social evil and re-enlightenment of the individual soul as a result of the energy created from the evangelical movement. The six largest societies created during 1826-1827 were the American Education Society, the American Board of Foreign Missions, the American Bible Society, the American Sunday-School Union, the American Tract Society, and the American Home Missionary Society (Religion and the American Republic 7). WORKS CITED: 1.   United States History, The Formation of a National Government, Retrieved on Mar 10, 2006 from: http://countrystudies.us/united-states/ 2. Finseth, Ian. The Rise and fall of Alexander Hamilton, Retrieved on Mar 10, 2006 from: http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CAP/ham/hamilton.html 3. Religion and the Founding of the American Republic, Retrieved on Mar 10, 2006 from: How to cite Market Revolution, Essay examples Market Revolution Free Essays The Market Revolution AP U. S. History The impact of the Market Revolution was the dawn of new markets in land, labor and produce. We will write a custom essay sample on Market Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now It ultimately changed American society and reflected a turn away from agrarian ideals through various changes in business, transportation, and society. Overall, the Market Revolution impacted the nation through different regions; the northeast became industrial, while the south relied on farming. The Northeast was booming in industrial growth from the Market Revolution. With the new textile mills, there were many jobs and the economy was on the rise. However, two of the biggest ways the Northeast was able to improve was with its improvements on transportation and various innovations. For example, in 1825 the Eerie Canal was created by Dewitt Clinton and set the stage for faster and easier transportation for goods and people. Also, with New York growing into one of the nation’s largest cities, there were various railroad networks that linked major cities. Lastly, the Northeast region was also improving with the creation of companies. For example, in 1813 Francis Cabot Lowell created the Boston Manufacturing company created the first large scale manufacturing cities in the United States of America (Lowell, Massachusetts). With this company, Lowell was also able to create 6,000 jobs by 1836. Because of these important improvements, the Market Revolution industrialized the Northeast and definitely set it apart in comparison to the Southwest region. While the Northeast was improving vastly on industrialization, the South was concentrated on their growth of farming. Even though, the South lagged in the growth of industrialization and urbanization, they had just as fast growth in their economy. It was Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin that made slaves last longer and the production of cotton much faster. For example, cotton growth went from around 75,000 bales in 1800 to over 2 million bales in 1850 with the improvements on producing cotton. Because of the faster production of cotton, the South was able to export to Europe and the Northeast for an advantageous profit. Even though the South obviously had most of their growth due to cotton, they were still able to improve technologically wise. They did have factories and large ports and harbors. For example, the Mississippi transportation helped businesses export across the country with the advances of the steamboat. Thus, having a similar growth in transportation in comparison to the north. From 1815-1860, the Market Revolution was able to have growth in both the Northeast and the South regions and even though they had many differences, the regions were brought together with their booming economies. The large improvements in farming and industrialization were able to shape America into a powerful and wealthy country. 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The Boston Bombing free essay sample

Mr. Charles Benjamin Boston Marathon Bombing The world is constantly changing and evolving. Have you ever wondered if it was possible to stop the impossible and if you had a choice what would you choose? Well the ability to do right from wrong or make a decision that harms or offends anyone is seen throughout an individual’s manifestation of societal feeling. The Boston Marathon is an annual marathon held in the Greater Boston area in Eastern Massachusetts. This event brings out challenging runners which attracts huge crowds to cheer them on, while raising monies for charities. This event is held in a city-wide area, which may have been why it was an attractive target for terrorists. No one was ready for the tragic event that took place on April 15, 2013, where two brothers Dzhokhar and Tamerlane Tsarneav bought yet another tragedy upon the community when bombs were set off during the Boston Marathon. We will write a custom essay sample on The Boston Bombing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first bombing exploded outside Marathon Sports. Seconds later a second bomb went off near the finish line on Boylston Street near Copley Square killing three, Krystle Marie Campbell, 29, a restaurant manager from Medford, Massachusetts, Lu Lingzi 23, Chinese national and Boston University graduate from Shenyang, Liaoning and Martin William Richard, an eight-year-old boy from the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, and left hundreds of others injured. One of bombs used in the attacks was made in form of a six liter pressure cooker that was placed in a nylon bag with a detonated on a timer instead of a remote. Other explosive devices were made of nails, metal, and BBs. As the evidence grows against Dzhokhar so does the list of individuals involved. Friends, family, officers, authorities, and others who encountered the suspects that had nothing to do with the bombing and were just as shocked by it as everyone else. The best way to describe the security situation about the Boston Bombers is that they slip through the cracks. Even though that is general and weak and vague way of explaining the lapse in security about the two brothers it’s the only way that the law enforcement experts are explaining it. Even though, the Russian secret service gave our Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) some information about the two brothers, for some reason that did not go far enough. The intelligence agencies that were involved seemed to still after all those laws passed after the September 11, attacks. Another reason it seems for the lapse of cohesive agency cooperation is that it is now reported that Tamerlane Tsarnaev was put on a security watch list and later removed and the investigation was closed even though he traveled to Chechnya and was not on the United States radar. The pros and cons will always be weighed when it about security and privacy, there is a fine line. We as a country have a moral responsibility to the victims of any terrorist attack to find them justices and it’s also a legal right. The best part about this country is that you have a lot of freedom form the government that a lot of other countries do not have, the detriment of this country is that some people that are born here in this country and abroad uses these freedoms as an opening to do harm to the American population. For example the brother that survived is Dzhokar is a citizen of this country, which makes his legal rights just as strong as any American in this country, even though a lot of people are calling for his rights to be taken away; he has his rights protected by the constitution. The security overall in this country has done a very good job to protect the citizens of this country it is a very daunting task. The cons of this vast land is that we have a free society with a lot of immigrants moving in and out of the country that in itself is very to control and keep a safe process for all that are involved. The pros of this vast land is that we all communicate with each other, a lot and that will help us to help the government thwart these individuals who are trying to do harm. The best way to attack this problem is to first learn how to cope with the pressures of the new world. The other issue is that we must innovative we must attack the problem with different answers and new technology so that we can make easier to track people with checkered past and find out if they are a threat. We must also take initiative and while we take initiative we must strategize, we must have plans that are flexible to adjust to because this is a free society and they will need to be informed and included. Finally we must apply all the expertise that we can because learning patterns and understanding why certain individuals do what they do is very important not only to law enforcement, but for us as a society as a whole. The bombings proved that anyone with the will power to hurt the general public can actually manifest those ideas into action. The Tsarneav Brothers are a perfect example of what is the most pressing issue facing our judicial system today when it comes to prosecuting someone who has committed a Terrorist act. The problems seems to be that as the Government is gathering information when something as terrible as a terrorist act happens the gathering of information becomes paramount in that same instances the government has the right to treat the suspect or suspects as a United States citizen if they are a citizen or as a military enemy combatants. The treatment of homegrown terrorist suspects once they are captured has been debated by a lot of lawyers and scholars and constitutionalists. The Boston Bombing suspects are a perfect example where you have the brothers one is a resident alien in the United States and the other is an actual United States citizen they are both in different categories as far as rights in the United States. The topic of terrorists whom we need to give their full constitutional rights is something that is a moral dilemma to some but indefensible to others. The dilemma stems from the moral dilemma that should the government go to all lengths to extract information from someone to save others that are in danger, even it is not proven that torture works on terrorists most argue that we should do any and everything to protect the general public. The other side of the problem is that these people are Unites States citizens and the have some unalienable rights because of the constitution. The dilemma that we face is how to protect the nation and protect the rights that has been given to United States since the inception of this country. Terrorism has shaken our beliefs to the core we have to believe in our justice system to process and prosecute these individuals, even though they seem to not deserve the respect and dignity of due process. As was stated in the beginning, the world is constantly changing and evolving, with that said we as the land of free home of the brave must be the country that can do the impossible. We as a country should be able to uphold our constitutional rights as a nation and protect all of our citizens. REFERENCES Hosenball, M. (2013). Boston bomb suspects name was on classified government watch list. Retrieved from http://www. google. com TIDE fact sheet. (2008). Retrieved from http://www. google. com http://usnews. nbcnews. com http://newyork. cbslocal. com